Sound is very important to a movie. The sound that is used in a production can often create an atmosphere or emphasise scenes of great importance. The type of sound that is used influences the feeling that is given off by the production. There are some different types of sound which are used in a variety of different way, they are as follows:
Diegetic Sound - The sound that the audience assumes is meant to relate to the image or action. For example, the firing of guns.
Non-diegetic Sound - Sound that the audience assumes is off-screen, such as a voice-over or background music or sounds.
Music - Used to create a mood or atmosphere. There are recognisable genres of music for different genres of film. For example, rom-com's often have upbeat and lively music.
Silence - Long or sustained silence can, again, be used to create a mood or atmosphere.
Voice-over - Can be seen through documentary film-making and to link subjects. For example, on animal documentaries there is often a narrator because animals cannot speak.
Sound Bridge - Involves two scenes being linked together by music called 'sound bridges'
Title Music - The title music of a film is usually an original piece of music composed especially for the film.
Friday, 2 October 2009
Camera Techniques
Camera angles and movement are very important to a production as they can convey moods and atmosphere to the audience to support the dialogue. They can also change the type of movie intended to be portrayed. For example a hand-held camera can create the sense that you are part of the movie.
Distance and Angle:
Long shot (LS) - Shot whch show all or most of the subject which usually includes much of the surroundings.
Extreme long shot (ELS) - The camera shot is furthest from the subject and emphasises its surroundings. It is often used to set the scene.
Medium long shot (MLS) - In this shot the lower frame line cuts off the feet and ankles of a standing person.
Establishing Shot - Opening shot or sequence. Used to set the scene.
Medium Shot (MS) - In this shot the subject is often occupying equal areas within the frame. In the case of an actor the lower frame passes through the waist.
Close-up (CU) - The shot shows a small part of the scene often a face or important object. Medium Close-up (MCU) - head and shoulders. Big Close-up (BCU) - forehead to chin
Angle of shot - The direction and height from which the camera takes the scene.
Viewpoint - The distance and angle from which the camera views and records the subject.
Point-of-view Shot (POV) - A shot made from a camera position close to the line of sight of a performer.
Two-shot - A shot of two people together.
Wide-angle Shot - A shot of broad field, taken with a wide-angle lens.
Movement:
Zoom - When the camera is focussed down from a long-shot to a close-up whilst the picture is still being shown. However, the camera is not moved.
Following Pan - The camera swivels to follow a moving object but the base of the camera stays the same.
Surveying Pan - The camera slowly searches the scene and often leads to a climax or anti-climax.
Tilt - A vertical movement of the camera whilst the mounting stays fixed.
Crab - The camera moves in a horizontal direction similar to that of a crab, hence the name.
Tracking (dollying) - The movement involves moving the camera smoothly towards or away from the subject. It can be used to create a mood of intensity or emotional distance. Also, the speed at which the camera is moved can also effect the mood that is portrayed.
Hand-held Camera - Using a hand-held camera can produce unsteady and unproffesional results. However, it is effective in drawing the audience in and makes them feel like they are in the production.
Process Shot - A shot made of action in front of a rear projection screen having on it still or moving images.
Distance and Angle:
Long shot (LS) - Shot whch show all or most of the subject which usually includes much of the surroundings.
Extreme long shot (ELS) - The camera shot is furthest from the subject and emphasises its surroundings. It is often used to set the scene.
Medium long shot (MLS) - In this shot the lower frame line cuts off the feet and ankles of a standing person.
Establishing Shot - Opening shot or sequence. Used to set the scene.
Medium Shot (MS) - In this shot the subject is often occupying equal areas within the frame. In the case of an actor the lower frame passes through the waist.
Close-up (CU) - The shot shows a small part of the scene often a face or important object. Medium Close-up (MCU) - head and shoulders. Big Close-up (BCU) - forehead to chin
Angle of shot - The direction and height from which the camera takes the scene.
Viewpoint - The distance and angle from which the camera views and records the subject.
Point-of-view Shot (POV) - A shot made from a camera position close to the line of sight of a performer.
Two-shot - A shot of two people together.
Wide-angle Shot - A shot of broad field, taken with a wide-angle lens.
Movement:
Zoom - When the camera is focussed down from a long-shot to a close-up whilst the picture is still being shown. However, the camera is not moved.
Following Pan - The camera swivels to follow a moving object but the base of the camera stays the same.
Surveying Pan - The camera slowly searches the scene and often leads to a climax or anti-climax.
Tilt - A vertical movement of the camera whilst the mounting stays fixed.
Crab - The camera moves in a horizontal direction similar to that of a crab, hence the name.
Tracking (dollying) - The movement involves moving the camera smoothly towards or away from the subject. It can be used to create a mood of intensity or emotional distance. Also, the speed at which the camera is moved can also effect the mood that is portrayed.
Hand-held Camera - Using a hand-held camera can produce unsteady and unproffesional results. However, it is effective in drawing the audience in and makes them feel like they are in the production.
Process Shot - A shot made of action in front of a rear projection screen having on it still or moving images.
3 Stages of Production
Pre-production:
- Audience target
- Existing media text - research
- Plan each stage - production, equipment, location and personnel
- Additional material
- Storyboard
Production:
Creating the raw data (moving image, text, images and sound).
Post-production:
- Editing
- Special effects and soundtrack
- Ideas come together
- Target audience - Does it appeal to them?
- Evaluation
Course Brief
Brief of Study:
AS - G321 - Portfolio in Media:
AS - G321 - Portfolio in Media:
- Video
- Audio
- Web Design
G322 - Key media concepts:
- Section A - Textual analysis and representation
- Section B - Institutions and Audience
Preliminary Task:
Continuation task involving filming and editing a person opening a door, crossing the room and sitting down in a chair opposite another character, with whom she/he then exchanges a couple of lines of dialogue. This task should demonstrate match on action, shot/reverse and the 180 degree rule.
Main Task:
The titles and opening of a new fiction film, to last a maximum of two minutes using the 3 stages of production
- Pre-production
- Production
- Post-production
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